{"id":20193,"date":"2024-10-03T10:45:35","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T14:45:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/minutocerord.com\/?p=20193"},"modified":"2024-10-03T10:45:41","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T14:45:41","slug":"opinion-haiti-del-tormento-historico-al-caos-migratorio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/minutocerord.com\/?p=20193","title":{"rendered":"OPINI\u00d3N | Hait\u00ed: Del tormento hist\u00f3rico al caos migratorio"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

SANTO DOMINGO, RD.- <\/strong>Una sola palabra bastar\u00eda para describir el drama social haitiano: caos. Ante los ojos del mundo civilizado, que abstractamente invoca la dignidad y los valores democr\u00e1ticos, Hait\u00ed ha colapsado. 220 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de su \u00e9pica liberaci\u00f3n de Francia, acontecimientos fatales urdieron un proceso ondulante y tumultuoso, plagado de inestabilidad, magnicidios, invasiones y gobiernos tir\u00e1nicos. Impidieron la consolidaci\u00f3n de instituciones republicanas, abortaron la posibilidad de construir la zapata primigenia del Estado\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Ricardo Nieves<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Para el siglo XVIII, merced a la importaci\u00f3n innumerable de esclavos y un sistema de comercio y explotaci\u00f3n infame, en las colonias del atl\u00e1ntico, la mayor\u00eda de las transacciones y la riqueza proven\u00edan de Hait\u00ed. En 1789, fecha de la Revoluci\u00f3n y ca\u00edda de la monarqu\u00eda francesa, el 80% del az\u00facar global sal\u00eda de all\u00ed; la mayor producci\u00f3n de caf\u00e9, cacao, tabaco, algod\u00f3n y maderas preciosas. La demanda de esclavos alcanzaba niveles que, raras veces, \u00a1la esperanza de vida tocaba los 21 a\u00f1os!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tras 12 a\u00f1os de lucha (1791-1804), incluida una sangrienta batalla con el ej\u00e9rcito de Napole\u00f3n, la independencia cobr\u00f3 la vida de entre 3 a 6 mil colonos franceses y sus descendientes (decapitados). Al otro lado, documentos hist\u00f3ricos avalan que el descenso fue estrepitoso: de 425 mil, apenas sobrevivieron 170 mil esclavos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luego de dos d\u00e9cadas (1825), un ins\u00f3lito suceso reescribi\u00f3 la historia de la humillaci\u00f3n. El presidente Pierre Boyer, bajo la firma de una \u201cReal Ordenanza\u201d, buscando reconocimiento de su naci\u00f3n, acept\u00f3 pagar al monarca Carlos X (\u00faltimo borb\u00f3n de Francia y Navarra) 150 millones de francos (21 mil millones de d\u00f3lares hoy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mejor dicho: Hait\u00ed independizado, indemniz\u00f3 al mismo poder del cual se hab\u00eda liberado. La encomienda, fatal y tenebrosa, pagadera en un lustro, redujo asimismo 50% del arancel a las importaciones francesas. Libre de la peor lacra de la humanidad (la esclavitud), fue obligado a pagar por su libertad, por las plantaciones arrasadas y las propiedades destruidas. Para mayor oprobio, adem\u00e1s de la tierra, indemniz\u00f3 por cada esclavo perdido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devastado y sin recursos, intentando solventar el compromiso impagable, hubo de recurrir a otro pr\u00e9stamo que, para colmo de males, se realizar\u00eda en \u00a1un banco franc\u00e9s! La crueldad se transform\u00f3 en sarcasmo cuando el expoliado pag\u00f3 y restituy\u00f3 da\u00f1os y propiedades que lo incluyeron a \u00e9l mismo, convertido en mercanc\u00eda de reemplazado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con amenaza de aislamiento diplom\u00e1tico y varios buques de guerra en sus aguas, Hait\u00ed pact\u00f3 algo que -indudablemente- ser\u00eda el reconocimiento de libertad m\u00e1s costoso, injusto, abusivo y prolongado de la historia: \u00a1120 a\u00f1os de pagos! El presidente Paul Magloire (1950) finiquitar\u00eda aquel oneroso y proverbial contrato con la ilustr\u00edsima Francia que, a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s, hab\u00eda proclamado y escrito con sangre: Libert\u00e9, Egalit\u00e9 y Fraternit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El presente del pueblo haitiano es desgarrador. Del valle oscuro de la tiran\u00eda y el tormento pas\u00f3 a la miseria y el abandono completo; sometido a otra dictadura siniestra: el terror de las bandas criminales que martirizan la poblaci\u00f3n. Traficantes de toda \u00edndole, asesinan, secuestran, extorsionan, cobran tributos y violan en masa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aparte de la indigencia, Hait\u00ed soporta el horror colectivo en cada casa. Anquilosado, tambale\u00e1ndose, designa un Estado fallido, un pa\u00eds colapsado. Todo esfuerzo por edificar la base del Estado de Derecho termina frustrado. Mientras, la indiferencia de algunos es glacial. Francia, antiguo colonizador, impiadoso y callado; muy parejo, Estados Unidos, eterno interventor y sost\u00e9n de dictadores despiadados\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero aqu\u00ed siguen perdidos aquellos que, por apat\u00eda o incomprensi\u00f3n, subestiman la ca\u00f3tica situaci\u00f3n que afrontamos. Nuestra capacidad no es ilimitada ni la solidaridad corresponde a un \u00fanico Estado. Fuera del alcance regulador, el flujo migratorio es masivo, desordenado; cientos de miles de personas que, sobre los derechos de salud y educaci\u00f3n, tambi\u00e9n demandan ser nacionalizados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presiones estadounidense y europea, condicionan un panorama de tensiones jur\u00eddicas constantes, descr\u00e9dito internacional, imputaciones de xenofobia, de odio y acoso racial\u2026Asumen, retorcidamente, que manifestaciones individuales o aisladas constituyen una conducta general. Grave y compleja, nuestra condici\u00f3n supera barreras ideol\u00f3gicas e interpretaciones sesgadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Es innegable que un grupo social, incisivo y conservador, se apropi\u00f3 del extremo nacionalista. Esto, sin embargo, no impide separar, con sopesada objetividad, el tama\u00f1o real y lo enrevesado del problema crucial. Posiciones irreconciliables no evitar\u00e1n que Hait\u00ed contin\u00fae expulsando ciudadanos y que nuestra geograf\u00eda siga siendo el lugar m\u00e1s cercano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 suceder\u00e1 en el pa\u00eds, carenciado por dem\u00e1s, si asienta en su territorio una especie de \u201cnaci\u00f3n paralela\u201d sin basamento jur\u00eddico, control, ni legalidad?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfY la condici\u00f3n de aquellos que ni siquiera est\u00e1n dotados del m\u00e1s elemental documento de nacimiento o identidad? \u00bfQui\u00e9n, con honestidad y sano juicio, se atrever\u00eda a negar las repercusiones que, increment\u00e1ndose, sobrevendr\u00e1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoy, todos debemos responder, o cada uno tendr\u00e1 que callar\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por Ricardo Nieves <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SANTO DOMINGO, RD.- Una sola palabra bastar\u00eda para describir el drama social haitiano: caos. Ante los ojos del mundo civilizado, que abstractamente invoca la dignidad y los valores democr\u00e1ticos, Hait\u00ed ha colapsado. 220 a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de su \u00e9pica liberaci\u00f3n de Francia, acontecimientos fatales urdieron un proceso ondulante y tumultuoso, plagado de inestabilidad, magnicidios, invasiones y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion"],"yoast_head":"\nOPINI\u00d3N | Hait\u00ed: Del tormento hist\u00f3rico al caos migratorio - Minuto Cero RD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/minutocerord.com\/?p=20193\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"OPINI\u00d3N | Hait\u00ed: Del tormento hist\u00f3rico al caos migratorio - Minuto Cero RD\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SANTO DOMINGO, RD.- Una sola palabra bastar\u00eda para describir el drama social haitiano: caos. 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